Electrolytes

Electrolytes are the charged substances that result when a salt is dissolved in solution. These positive and negatively charged ions can conduct electricity, and are thus referred to as “electrolytes.” For instance, common table salt is sodium chloride (NaCl). When dissolved in water (or blood), it separates into a positively charged sodium ion (Na+) and a negatively charged chloride ion (Cl-). Important electrolytes for physiological functions in humans include sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+), and chloride (Cl-).
As a group, these electrolytes are involved in countless activities essential for life, including energy production, nerve transmission, muscle contractions, pH balance, fluid balance, and more. The human body, the amazing self-regulating organism that it is, has a number of mechanisms in place to maintain proper electrolyte balance.
However, human beings, the amazing boundary-pushers that we are, have put ourselves in a variety of situations that may threaten this balance—extreme environments, heavy physical activity, and inadequate diets can all contribute to situations in which humans have to give their normally self-regulating bodies a helping hand. In other words, under average conditions, healthy individuals will meet their electrolyte requirements over the course of a normal day by eating and drinking.
But when conditions promote excessive sweating and increased metabolic activity, especially those who have marginal electrolyte intake may place themselves at risk for deficiency. Environmental factors, such as a sharp decrease in the amount of minerals people now consume in their drinking water or eat in their foods, especially when too much sodium is consumed, can move more people into an electrolyte imbalance.


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Salt and Sodium - Are They the Same?

Salt, some of us like the taste, some of us can't stand it, but like it or not it is required in your daily intake. But just how much do you need?

The amount of salt intake will vary depending on your physical activity as well as other factors. Runners for example, the recommended salt intake per day is less than 2,300 milligrams.

Salt has been liked to various forms of diseases and conditions, such as high blood pressure and even Dementia. In Therapy Today Magazine, research director Iain Ryrie said "that If people want to protect themselves against dementia, they should limit the amount of salt and saturated fat they consume and eat foods that contain essential B vitamins, Omega 3 and zinc."

Sodium which is found in salt, is big culprit when it comes to these conditions. The present average person intakes, approximately 3000-4500 mg/day of sodium That is very high, and is, 2-3-fold in comparison with the current Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) of 1500 mg.

According to Matthew Kadey of Muscle & Fitness, "Between checking labels for fat grams and counting carbs, who has time to think about sodium? You don`t need to obsess over sodium intake, but you should probably work on ways to reduce it in your diet. Here`s why: It`s estimated that 25% of people with normal blood pressure and about 60% of those with high blood pressure are salt-sensitive, which means that as salt intake goes up, so does blood pressure. If you`re salt-sensitive, you may be at a much higher risk for strokes and heart attacks, even though your blood pressure may ordinarily be normal."

Kadey continues, "The sodium in salt can raise your blood pressure in two ways. By causing the body to retain water, sodium increases blood volume and therefore blood pressure. Sodium also causes smooth muscle contraction and constriction of small blood vessels, which is associated with a greater resistance to blood flow. The common "cheat" day that`s a part of many fitness enthusiasts` diets can produce an elevated heart rate and blood pressure in response to a sudden increase in sodium ingestion."

"With excessive sodium intake, there`s more to worry about than just high blood pressure. When you consume too much sodium, your body retains water to dilute the sodium concentration in your blood to a healthier level. As a result, you urinate less and bloating can occur. So next time your pants feel a little snug, think about that soup you had for lunch -- a can of chicken noodle soup has 2,690 mg of sodium! But you also don`t want to go too far in your efforts to avoid sodium. The extreme sodium restriction often employed by fitness competitors and bodybuilders can result in this same water retention as the body fights to retain sodium and, in turn, water," claims Kadey.

So what is the different between sodium and salt? Kadey says, "Sodium is an element found naturally in various foods, and it`s essential that we get some in our diets because it regulates the body`s fluid balance and blood pressure, helps the muscles relax and carries nutrients to the cells. Table salt (sodium chloride) consists of 40% sodium and 60% chloride; a teaspoon contains 2,300 mg of sodium. Sodium and salt are terms often used interchangeably."

So when choosing your foods read the labels and choose foods with 200mg or less of sodium. Do not just concentrate on reading the fat and carb contents. Remove the salt shaker from the table and use as little salt as possible when cooking. Chances are you are already getting enough in your diet, regardless of how good or bad it is.

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Sea Salt Vs Table Salt - Which Is Better?

You've probably heard that sea salt is so much healthier for you than table salt. You may have also heard that it has less sodium than table salt. I've heard these claims too. I wanted to see if they were really true, so, I decided to check them out.

Where does sea salt come from?

Most people are likely aware that sea salt comes from, well, the sea. Or, at least, it can. You get this salt from the evaporation of ocean water; you also get it from the evaporation of saltwater lakes. Yes, some lakes are actually saltwater. Usually, once the water has evaporated, there is very little processing done to the salt before it goes to the consumer. This means that certain minerals and elements stay in the salt and don't get processed out.

Where does table salt come from?

Table salt also comes from the evaporation of saltwater. However, it is different because it is mined from underground deposits where there was originally a body of salted water. It is also different in that it is heavily processed so that they can get rid of the minerals (American Heart Association, 2013, para. 7).

What about those minerals?

Sea salt has trace levels of the minerals magnesium, potassium, and calcium. Since those are healthy, we should get as much as we can, right? Unfortunately, the amounts are very small. You can easily get those amounts, and much more, from eating other healthy foods.

Does table salt have anything good in it? Most has iodine added to it. This is a good thing. Since the 1920s they've been adding iodine to table salt - they've been doing it to prevent goiter, a disease you can get from not having enough iodine. Sea salt does not have iodine (AHA, 2013, para. 9).

Do they add anything else to table salt? Yes, there is a tiny amount of harmless additives which prevent clumping. The powder form of coffee, tea, sugar and milk, also have non-clumping additives.

So, what's the difference?

Sea salt can be coarse, fine, or flaky; it can also come in various colors and have a unique flavor. It's great for food that's already cooked. However, once it's cooked or dissolved it loses its distinctive flavor. Table salt has a fine texture and it's perfect for using in recipes.

Bottom line

Both of these salts have the same amount of sodium by weight. Yes, they have the same amount of sodium! If you think that sea salt is healthier and has less sodium, you may use more of it and thereby increase your sodium intake. This is bad. We should have no more than 2300 mg of sodium per day. If you're over 51, black, have high blood pressure, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease, you should have only 1500 mg per day (Zeratsky, 2013, para. 4-5). The US National average is 3300 mg per day!

Some sea salt has a stronger taste than table salt so if you truly do use less, then it could be a good choice. Just keep in mind that they both have the same sodium content, and you can easily get sea salt's trace amounts of minerals from other food. So, there is no health value to using sea salt over table salt if you're using the same quantity.

Speaking of value, have you noticed how much sea salt costs?!





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